Burglary Scene
When checking a burglary scene the Police Officer should first check for any witnesses on the scene that would possibly know any information. After securing the crime scene and setting up parameters the Police Officer will have to look the points of entry and exit. Once the entry and exit points are establish an Investigator must examine whether they have forced entry or not. If forced entry is the case then look for tool markings and other evidence such as DNA, fingerprints, and items such as crow bar, lock pick, boards, sludge hammer, and poles that could remove doors or windows. Take a list of stolen items there may be a pattern of stolen goods in the neighborhood. Look for any foot prints that could have been left on the floor or outside the residence before, during or after the burglary. Label all evidence properly with time, date, description and chain of custody.
References:
CJS on Line (2010) Frontline Focus Minimum Standards Checklist http://frontline.cjsonline.gov.uk/_includes/downloads/guidance/general/Frontline_Focus_Minimum_Standards_Checklist.pdf
ICSIA.Org (2010) Crime Scene Reminder Card http://www.icsia.org/FCSI/ReminderCard.pdf
Crime Is An Issue That Scares People
Crime is a problem that scares everyone. The fact you may become disturbed by crime in your area or in the United States is bothersome to most people. The problems with crime such as let us take for example the shootings in Prince Georges County Maryland. These New Year 12 victims have been found dead in Prince Georges County, Police say some of the violence is related and some is not related. The fact remains that there seems to be an outbreak in violence in one geographic area that Police are having a problem solving and managing. This type of violence such as the shooting in Arizona that left nine people wounded including Congresswomen Gabriele Giffords and five people dead including Federal Judge John Roll and a nine year old is totally unexpected behavior. This type of violence makes people very scared of what could happen to them, threats of violence make public appearances for Senate and Congress leaders very hard because they have to have upscale security in order to attend events.
References:
Gaynor, Tim (2011) Reuters from article http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE7071IA20110108
Salzman, Andy (2011) A Violent Start to 2011 in Prince Geoge’s from source http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local-beat/A-Violent-Start-to-2011-112929719.html
Bite Marks
Bit marks are often found on the skin of a victim. Women are often bitten on the breasts, buttocks and legs during sexual assaults. Men are commonly bit on the shoulders or arms.
As a Forensics Investigator it is important to take accurate life like photographs of the bit mark. Casts of the bit mark help Investigators compare suspect bit marks by giving the Investigator a realistic view of the teeth that bit into the victim. Casts of teeth marks can be taken using a verity of materials such as silicon rubber, plastic and powders.The Forensics Investigator is to accurately record any distinct traits or class characteristics of the bit mark presented by the victim. Suspects are then presented by the analytical work of the Forensic Odonologist.
References:
Collecting Evidence for Drugs and Narcotics
Before seizure of any drug related items always process a search warrant, this keeps you in the legal boundaries of search and seizure rules. Make sure to process a chain of possession worksheet making sure that all Investigative personnel are accounted for before touching any items on the crime scene. All items confiscated have to be properly marked with description, amount, time and place for later reference. Items need to be analyzed by a certified laboratory technician and stored appropriately. SWGDE and SWGIT(Scientific Working Groups on Digital Evidence and Imaging Technology) regulations must be followed providing legal security to the information concealed from computers and other data products.
Scales and proper labels should be used for photographing the crime scene this allows the evidence viewer to know the size of the item that is photographed. Capsules are to be divided into 100 and measured by millimeters; liquids should be measured by liters or milliliters.
When searching for narcotics clothing, cigarette cases, small cases, shoes, wallets hollowed cans, and luggage can all conceal drug items. Suspects can swallow or keep drugs in body cavities, they must be searched thoroughly. Vehicles may contain drug substances in compartments located under the seats in the dash board and in the trunk. When processing drug items make sure to store them in dry containers, boxes and paper bags this will keep the narcotics from becoming contaminated. Liquids should be labeled and placed in a tightly sealed container.
References:
http://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/rcs/schedules/departments/department-of-justice/rg-0170/n1-170-04-009_sf115.pdf
http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/incident/computer-forensic-legal-standards-equipment_648
http://www.theiai.org/guidelines/swgit/swgde/swgde_swgit_proficiency_test_document_v1-1.pdf
About Skin
Impulsive Crime
Skin is the largest single organ on the human body. The function of skin is to protect internal organs and muscles from being exposed to outside elements.
There are 7 layers of skin, 5 layers of the epidermis, that is the top layer of skin, and 2 layers of the dermis, the part of the skin that lies under the epidermis.
Epidermis
1. Stratum Coneum
2. Stratum Lucidum(thickened skin palm of hand and sole of the foot)
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Spinosum
5. Stratum Germanivum
Dermis
1. Dermal Papillary
2. Dermal Reticular (Hair Follicles and Blood Vessels
The epidermis the outer most `layer of skin. The epidermis layer is vulnerable to external environmental conditions such as heat, cold, and touch. This layer of skin contains oils that keep it moistened these oils when contacted to surfaces collect dirt.
Two types of skin found on the human body are glabrous Skin this skin is found on the palms of the hand and on the bottom of the foot. It fundamentally has individualized grooves that are distinct to each person. This skin has no hair follicles and usually differs in color from the hairy skin type.
Hairy skin covers the parts of the body that the glabrous skin does not cover. It consists of hair follicles.
The dermal skin type is found under the epidermis this skin layer is the area that hair follicles, blood vessels, and sweet glands exist in.
References:
http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/html/skin_sys_fin.html
http://www.technion.ac.il/~mdcourse/274203/lect12.html
http://www.moveeasypainrelief.com/7_LAYERS.php
Why and Why Not Prosecute Juveniles As Adults
The following are some reasons why you should treat the juvenile different from adults.
- 1. They may not be fully aware of the law, the seriousness their offense.
- 2. The juvenile may be following others such as family, friends, and schoolmates.
- 3. The juvenile may be in an abusive situation where they have to fend for themselves.
- 4. Accidental issues with firearm discharge, wrestling next to sharp items, playing with swords and knifes.
- 5. A family member may have influenced the juvenile to commit a crime.
The following are reasons why they should give life or the death penalty to juveniles.
1.
- 1. They are fully aware of the dangers of what their actions.
- 2. May be dangerous to other as well as them self could have mental problems that make them anti social thus rendering them the capability to associate with others.
- 3. The juvenile could be Socially and morally scared to the point of no return
I do not agree that juveniles should be able to face the death penalty or even life in prison. The fact that there are many juveniles that have social problems such as living with one parent or being made fun of by other children because of a social acceptance issues. Too many issues with the psychological side of children draws a conclusion that a growing child is the most vulnerable when confronted with outside influences. The expectation of the average teenager is greater than it has ever been before; this creates stress for the children. Drugs, gangs, people who do not want to associate with others because they do not like their religion, church, beliefs, race and even sports teams can cause problems in adolescent world. Being accepted by others is a big deal while growing up making friends and sustaining meaningful relationships is also important to being a well-rounded person. When something is taken away from a growing child, it becomes more of a psychological issue rather than a criminal issue crime becomes an emotional outlet for the child. I believe that it is easier to help children develop into adults rather than putting them in jail for a life sentence when their life has not even begun yet.
Ezysenck Explains Socialization Theory
British Psychologist Hans Ezysenck explains Socialization Theory as having to depend on two types of learning. First Operant learning explains how behaviour, is acquired and maintained by its consequences. The responses that are followed by rewards are strengthened, whereas responses followed by aversive events are weakened.
Second Classical Conditioning explained by Ezysench leads one to believe that conscience is a conditioned through repeated, close pairings of a child undesirable behaviours with the prompt punishment of these behaviours.
Impulsive Crime
Impulsive Crime the act of criminal sanctions produced by sudden urges, desires, being spontaneous, motivated by burst of exhilaration. Rational Choice Theory suggests that impulsive crimes are rationalized. When desire is computed to eliminate radicals from the equation given the equivalence of consequence verses benefit explains criminal rationalization. Sociology discovers that people are learning beings we advance as intelligence increases, student, professional, and scholar. The increased amount of knowledge of criminal law replaces the spontaneous act with thought prohibited responses known as decisions. Crimes are committed when the punishment is not greater than the impulsive thrill and exhilaration that follows giving the criminal a sense of intelligence and self being that they are able to out smarted the Judicial System. Mental and medical conditions do not apply to the Rational Choice Theory simply because the mentally ill are unable to comprehend situational awareness and response.
Police Station Rules
Most Police Stations have their own rules but for each person that is questioned or interrogated every session that the Officer takes they have to read the Miranda Warnings to make sure the person being question is in the correct state of mind meaning that they are mentally capable of answering questions that are ask of them. If they require a Lawyers presents they then have the opportunity of getting advice from an outside source. In most cases you cannot restrain such common courtesies such as food, water and the ability to clean ones self when interrogating for more than 24 hours. You cannot subdue a person’s rights simply because you are questioning them. They have to be read their Miranda warnings before a line up to make sure that a legal counseling is present to observe the Police Officers perform the actual lineup properly. This saves a lot of the hassle of proceeding to trial then finding out that the procedures followed fouled up the case.
Problems with using Live Scan
Live scan has many issues that a Detective is unable to fix if the problem occurs that a print is scanned and it does not present a clear fingerprint this unsatisfactory fingerprint may not be accepted by the courts as evidence.
Limits to depth penetration make the system unreliable when scanning ridge line height differences. The light ray system that Live Scan uses has little depth recognition, this results in faulty prints that may be undetectable by the system, leaving an unmarked area where you would find a ridge mark. This system is susceptible to air pockets if ridge lines are not equal in height, the Live Scan will not detect differences in ridge line height due to air pockets that push upward on the finger ridge.
Another issue with Live Scan is the differences in minuet skin composition from one person to the next. Different people have skin that is particular; this change in skin composition does not allow Live Scan to make the best print possible. Skin differences such as thick skin density, low skin density, dry skin, oily skin, no humidy within skin, and irregular gasps between ridges disallows Live Scan to recognize finger ridges because it is only a one tier system.
Fingers that are contaminated with dirt, perspiration, newsprint, pen, pencil, and paint make these fingerprints impossible to scan. Other issues with Live Scan consist of the fact that debris located on the scanner plate may contaminate photographs of the fingerprint making it difficult to determine the Galton Characteristics.We have come a long way with fingerprint analysis with new systems come new problems.
References:
http://www.infosecurityproductsguide.com/technology/2007/Industry_White_Paper_Silicone_Membranes_5_25_07.pdf
It is important for the Police Officers to cover every angle that can possibly allow a criminal to go free. Miranda rights and warning need to be read before every arrest or questioning to maintain the integrity that the suspect is informed of their rights as a citizen of the United States of America. Following proper procedures makes it easier for the Police to interact with the public. Having a lawyer present while making a statements can help the suspect from being lead into a confession of a crime they did not commit. Framing or blackmailing suspects because they have had past offenses should not be allowed. Enforcing a person’s writes is important, the fact they may need a lawyer present for a line up or other protection values even for a person that is not guilty but a witness to a crime may be protected by Miranda rights. Badgering a witness until they tell you what you want to hear is also a way of violating a person’s rights without following proper procedures an important witness can possibly be excused from testifying.
Impulsive Crime
Miranda Rights
It is important for the Police Officers to cover every angle that can possibly allow a criminal to go free. Miranda rights and warning need to be read before every arrest or questioning to maintain the integrity that the suspect is informed of their rights as a citizen of the United States of America. Following proper procedures makes it easier for the Police to interact with the public. Having a lawyer present while making a statements can help the suspect from being lead into a confession of a crime they did not commit. Framing or blackmailing suspects because they have had past offenses should not be allowed. Enforcing a person’s writes is important, the fact they may need a lawyer present for a line up or other protection values even for a person that is not guilty but a witness to a crime may be protected by Miranda rights. Badgering a witness until they tell you what you want to hear is also a way of violating a person’s rights without following proper procedures an important witness can possibly be excused from testifying.
Impulsive Crime
Impulsive Crime the act of criminal sanctions produced by sudden urges, desires, being spontaneous, motivated by burst of exhilaration. Rational Choice Theory suggests that impulsive crimes are rationalized. When desire is computed to eliminate radicals from the equation given the equivalence of consequence verses benefit explains criminal rationalization. Sociology discovers that people are learning beings we advance as intelligence increases, student, professional, and scholar. The increased amount of knowledge of criminal law replaces the spontaneous act with thought prohibited responses known as decisions. Crimes are committed when the punishment is not greater than the impulsive thrill and exhilaration that follows giving the criminal a sense of intelligence and self being that they are able to out smarted the Judicial System. Mental and medical conditions do not apply to the Rational Choice Theory simply because the mentally ill are unable to comprehend situational awareness and response.
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