Proactive Policing Effects of Policing
Ron Young
Proactive Policing
Effects of Policing
The effects of Police on crime has changed the way Police
perceive their job. Proactive policing has become the wave of the future.
Police have a grave effect on crime they prevent crime by working proactively
to stop crime before it happens. In many cases Police use tactical training to
prevent problems during arrests. Most criminals respect Police when they are
around. Having the Police present is a very important fact of preventing crime.
Signs that designate what is going on in different areas, such as no smoking
zones and no loitering signs keep people on their feet. Reading signs is a way
of life for the inner city civilians Gazlay, 1999. Signs such as no turn on red
and reduce speed ahead warn people of what danger lark in the area they live
in. Neighborhood watch signs help with neighborhoods that have high crime rates
in an easy manner thus making criminals think before they commit robbery or
theft.
Police being present in an area doing proactive patrolling
can and will reduce crime rates making areas safer to live in. According to Jackson,
A. L., & Wade, J. E., Police perceptions of social capital and sense of
responsibility: An explanation of proactive policing,” Crank (1998), in his
examination of police culture, suggested that the examination of Police sense
of responsibility towards the community may be important in understanding
police behavior” (2005) , 28(1), 49-68. The behavior that is associated
with providing services to the community is a sense of protection and security.
This feeling of protecting the innocent tends from those who wish to provide a
safe environment for their family and friends. In hind sight, “This assertion
suggests that police sense of responsibility may serve as an influential
variable in explaining why police may demonstrate higher levels of Proactive policing
in communities with low social capital in comparison to those with high social
capital”, Jackson & Wade, 2005.
Proactive Policing not only perpetuates and exacerbates the social differences
between the Police and their community, but it also increases the likelihood
that an officer could abuse his or her authority within the community (Hemmens
and Levin, 2000), Jackson & Wade, 2005.
According to Verfaillie & Tom, Proactive policing and
the assessment of organized crime. Policing, ”Anticipating or preparing for possible directions in organized
crime is then no longer about calculating probabilities”, (2008), 31(4),
534-552. Looking at data that explains which neighborhoods need more or less
attention is of value to proactive policing. Using information from various
electronic systems help the Police figure how many resources are needed to be
proactive in policing areas. According to Verfaillie & Tom, Proactive
policing and the assessment of organized crime ,“when it comes to social processes, predictions and forecasting
techniques are less self-evident”, This means that the predictions of crime are
not as accelerated as one would think but work on a scheduled bases (2008),
31(4), 534-552. Predictions and forecasting methods using multivariate
data, such as linear regression against time and econometric methods, are
predicated on the ability to demonstrate causal relationships between
identified variables Verfaillie & Tom, 2008. There would be more Police
Officers needed to patrol a city block then a rural neighborhood simply because
the city has more people per square footage than a rural neighborhood. In many
cases location is an important factor of proactive policing. The location can
mean the difference between a quick and speedy response and a poor unruly
response for Police. For example, Smith (1986) argued that police often use
their power to arrest even more often in communities that have an established
lower social capital and on citizens with a lower socioeconomic status then
higher social establishment and higher
socioeconomic status Jackson & Wade,
2005. According to Jackson, A. L., & Wade, J. E. Police perceptions
of social capital and sense of responsibility: An explanation of proactive
policing,” when police implement proactive policing tactics, the recipients of
their proactive tactics are often low-income minorities, citizens who for the
most part are politically ineffective at instituting change among police at
either the organizational or community level”, 2005.
Proactive policing is most effective when it is monitored by
systems and calculated. Computers can predict the waves in crime but not the
way the neighborhoods and regions feel about the security and protection they
receive from the Police Officers. In many cases regional offices and local check points are
needed to take anonymous reports from concerned citizens. Being proactive rather
than reactive is important in policing areas\ that have large numbers of
civilians located in them. Since 911 many citizens feel as though the Police do
not show themselves enough this not being present physically may call for
police to ride bikes and walk their beats instead of driving though in police
cruisers. Being more personal is a better way to deal with getting respect from
the locals than not being personal. Seeing a face to match a name can help
citizens realize that they are being protected and are in the process of having
matters taken care of.
Scientist who have tried to explain proactive policing
through the analysis of Police Officer and citizens attitudes but the results
have been inconsistent in their findings and have maintained that the
relational value between the two variables is relatively unsatisfactory Jackson
& Wade, 2005. According to Jackson, A. L., & Wade, J. E. Police
perceptions of social capital and sense of responsibility: An explanation of
proactive policing, explanations for
more responsive policing support the hypothesis that police who indicate
a more negative perception of community social capital are more likely to
indicate a higher sense of responsibility towards the community”, 2005. A sense
of security seems to drive Police officers who do proactive policing in high
crime areas that need constant attention. Police Officers that want areas to do
well make a difference in city neighborhoods because of their dedication
towards programs that help the community. Community programs are important to
help identify representatives that enforce rules to be followed while living in
any specific area. Researchers have found because the future is portrayed as inevitable
it is very hard to have the knowledge of knowing what is going to happen
tomorrow today, you cannot predict what people will do tomorrow. By forecasting
the actions of the public today using new systems that analyze criminal actions
that have taken place before, these analytical systems may help Police prevent
crimes that could happen in the future.
References
Gazlay, P.
(1999). Community oriented policing is not just for specialists. Police, 23(10),
32-34+. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/198819962?accountid=34544
Jackson, A. L., & Wade, J. E. (2005).
Police perceptions of social capital and sense of responsibility: An
explanation of proactive policing. Policing, 28(1), 49-68. Retrieved
from http://search.proquest.com/docview/211226003?accountid=34544
Verfaillie, K.,
& Tom, V. B. (2008). Proactive policing and the assessment of organised
crime. Policing, 31(4), 534-552. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510810910553
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